Characteristics of alveolar bone loss in severe periodontitis and consideration of rehabilitation with implant / 中华口腔医学杂志

Severe periodontitis is the main cause of tooth loss in adults, with varying degrees of horizontal and vertical alveolar bone loss. In view of the complex alveolar bone defect, a suitable surgery planning should be made on the basis of fully nuderstanding the characteristics of alveolar bone defect in severe periodontitis and the key points of bone augmentation technique, so as to choose an appropriate method for reconstruction of alveolar bone and complete the implantation and restoration to ensure the integrity of dentition, which are important for the long-term stability of periodontal health. Based on clinical experiences and literature review, we summarizes the characteristics of alveolar bone loss in patients with severe periodontitis and the timing of implant placement after bone augmentation surgery, in order to provide reference for implant treatment of severe periodontitis.

Advances in studies on modification technology of traditional Chinese medicine powders / 中国中药杂志

Most of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) powders showed bad physical properties, such as poor flowability, high hygroscopicity, agglomeration and poor wettability, which will affect the production process and even the efficacy of Chinese materia medica preparations. The exact characterization of the physical properties of TCM powders and the reshaping technology become the key to improve the quality and efficacy of Chinese materia medica preparations and to promote the modernization process of TCM. This article summarizes the evaluation methods of the physical properties and the modification technology of TCM powders, in order to solve the problems existing in the research and production of Chinese materia medica preparations, and to achieve the quality control of drugs and modernization of dosage forms.

Advance in studies on biotransformation of flavonoids by intestinal bacteria / 中国中药杂志

Flavonoids are widely distributed in the nature, and have various biological activities. Flavonoids can be degraded by intestinal bacteria, so as to impact their bioavailability in vivo. Studies on metabolism of flavonoids by intestinal bacteria could provide basis for screening out biotransformation of flavonoids and interpreting their in vivo metabolic process. Being taken as the lead compounds, flavonoids can be modified by intestinal bacteria to achieve new compounds with high efficiency, bioavailability and solubility, which lays a foundation for the research and development of new drugs, selection of drug dosage forms and drug production. This article summarizes the main reaction types and impacting factors of intestinal bacteria on biotransformation of flavonoids, for reference of studies on biotransformation.

Evaluation of alveolar bone defect in chronic periodontitis by cone-beam computed tomography / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the morphological characteristics of alveolar bone defects of the patients with chronic periodontitis using cone-beam CT (CBCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients with chronic periodontitis were included in this study. CBCT was used to scan the alveolar bone and NNT software to measure the alveolar bone defects and bone loss types in different regions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventy-five percent (45/60) of the alveolar bone defect was the generalized type, 25% (15/60) was the localized type. In incisor and canine area, the defect of the mandibular alveolar bone was more severe than in the same sites of maxilla. There was less bone loss in the premolar area of mandible than in the same site of maxilla. In the mesial and buccal sites of mandibular molars and in the lingual site of maxillary molars, the most severe alveolar bone loss was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The obvious alveolar bone defect areas in chronic periodontitis were the palatal side of maxillary molars and the lingual side of mandibular incisors. CBCT can clearly demonstrate the degree of alveolar bone defects in different regions of chronic periodontitis.</p>

17-β estradiol promotes the expression of interleukin-6 in human periodontal ligament cells infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of 17-β estradiol (E(2)) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) W83 on the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primary cultures of hPDLC were established and the cells of passage four were treated with 10(-10) mol/L E(2), 10(-7) mol/L E(2) or PgW83 individually or E(2) combined with PgW83. The expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 protein at 12 h and 24 h were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the levels of mRNA at 24 h were detected with real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression level of IL-6 reached (2482.88 ± 26.53) ng/L in hPDLC treated with Pg at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100 for 24 h, which was significantly higher than that in hPDLC treated with Pg at MOI of 10:1 [(734.09 ± 87.90) ng/L, P = 0.000], the controls [(425.8 ± 77.25) ng/L, P = 0.000] and that in hPDLC treated with Pg at MOI of 100 for 12 h [(1157.50 ± 234.65) ng/L, P = 0.000]. The expression level of IL-8 reached (4965.81 ± 1072.55) ng/L in hPDLC treated with Pg at MOI of 100 for 24 h, which was significantly higher than that in hPDLC treated with Pg at MOI of 10 [(803.51 ± 162.08) ng/L, P = 0.007], the controls [(400.75 ± 2.27) ng/L, P = 0.005] and that in hPDLC treated with Pg at MOI of 100 for 12 h [(1431.12 ± 82.78) ng/L, P = 0.001]. E(2) did not show remarkable effect on the expressions of IL-6 and IL-8. E(2) combined with Pg (MOI = 100:1) significantly promoted the expression levels of IL-6 at 24 h while did not influence those of IL-8. The relative mRNA level of IL-6 in hPDLC treated with 10(-10) mol/L E(2) or 10(-7) mol/L E(2) combined with Pg were 0.49 ± 0.15 (P = 0.021)and 0.53 ± 0.16 (P = 0.036) individually, which were significantly higher than that treated with Pg alone, 0.19 ± 0.06. The protein level of IL-6 in hPDLC treated with 10(-10) mol/L E(2) or 10(-7) mol/L E(2) combined with Pg were (5512.66 ± 1022.07) ng/L (P = 0.012) and (6988.78 ± 2279.13) ng/L (P = 0.000) individually, which were significantly higher than that treated with Pg alone, (3138.46 ± 183.72) ng/L.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PgW83 significantly increased the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in hPDLC in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Without the infection of periodontal pathogens, estrogen may exert no effect on the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 while it may promote the expression of IL-6 in hPDLC when combined with Pg, which may in turn promote the process of periodontal inflammation.</p>

Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on glycemic control and the level of serum IL-6 in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on periodontal status, glycemic control and the level of serum interleukin (IL)-6 in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (DMCP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-five DMCP and 55 systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) were recruited in this study. The diabetes were classified into two groups, the well-controlled group [glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) < 7.00%] and the poorly controlled group (HbA1c ≥ 7.00%). All subjects received non-surgical periodontal therapy. Periodontal clinical parameters including periodontal probing depth(PD), attachment loss (AL), bleeding index (BI) and plaque index (PLI) were recorded at baseline, 6 weeks and 3 months after the treatment. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c and the concentration of serum IL-6 were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 6 weeks and 3 months after treatment, PD, AL, BI, PLI and the concentration of serum IL-6 of both groups significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The level of IL-6 in diabetic patients reduced significantly from (3.47 ± 0.33) ng/L to (3.21 ± 0.66) ng/L and to(3.03 ± 0.54) ng/L. The HbA1c of diabetic patients reduced significantly 3 months after treatment [(6.80 ± 1.21%] compared with the baseline [(7.35 ± 1.73)%, P < 0.05]. HbA1c of the poorly controlled group reduced significantly (P < 0.05), while HbA1c of the well-controlled diabetes did not show any apparent reduction (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Non-surgical periodontal therapy can effectively reduce the concentration of serum IL-6, thereby improving glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic periodontitis. However, there was no any significant reduction of HbA1c in the well-controlled diabetes.</p>

Effect of PG0839 gene of Porphyromonas gingivalis on inflammatory cytokine in human oral epidermoid carcinoma KB cell / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of PG0839 gene form Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) on inflammatory cytokine expression in human oral epidermoid carcinoma KB cell.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A mutant in the PG0839 gene of Pg was created by insertional inactivation. Group 1 was chanllenged with PgW83 strain, group 2 with PG0839-defective mutant, and the control group with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium only. KB cells were co-cultured with presence of bacteria for 24 h. At the time point of 0.5, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h, cells were stored in Trizol. The mRNA expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Toll like recepector-4 (TLR-4) was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 2 h and 6 h, IL-1β mRNA expression was lower in group 2 than in group 1 (2 h: 0.31 ± 0.11 versus 0.95 ± 0.48, P < 0.05; 6 h: 0.57 ± 0.20 versus 1.29 ± 0.55, P < 0.05). At 0.5 h and 6 h, TLR-4 mRNA expression was lower in group 2 than in group 1 (0.5 h: 0.20 ± 0.09 versus 0.58 ± 0.09, P < 0.05; 6 h: 0.34 ± 0.04 versus 0.71 ± 0.18, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PG0839 gene may play an important role in Pg-induced inflammatory effects of KB cell.</p>

Prevalence of Tannerella forsythensis in subgingival plaque of type 2 diabetic patients / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the prevalence of Tannerella forsythensis (T. forsythensis) in the subgingival plaque of type 2 diabetes, analyze the relationship between Tforsythensis and related factors, discuss the role of T. forsythensis in the chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>160 subgingival plaque samples were collected from type 2 diabetic patients and pathogens genomic DNA were extracted by phenol and chloroform from plaque. T. forsythensis was detected by polymerase chain reaction, and Pearson correlation and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between T. forsythensis and systemic factors and periodontal status.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of T. forsythensis in mild, moderate, severe periodontitis group was 47.82%, 48.71%, 67.39% respectively, and the prevalence was higher in the severe periodontitis group than in mild, moderate group (P < 0.05). There was no T. forsythensis in 6 diabetic patients with healthy periodontium. Logistic regression analysis illustrated that the prevalence of T. forsythensis was associated with simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) and diabetic duration (OR = 1.947, OR = 0.873).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of T. forsythensis in type 2 diabetes with chronic periodontitis was related with oral hygiene, periodontal status and diabetic duration.</p>

Study of serological biochemistry index of chronic periodontitis / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of serum biochemistry on the development of periodontitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>225 participants without any system disease were involved in the study. Case group consist of 145 chronic peri-odontitis and was divided into gentle group (clinical attachment loss < 3 mm), moderate and severe group(clinical attachment loss > or = 3 mm). Control group consist of 80 periodontal healthy persons. Peripheral blood sample was obtained from each subject by venipuncture. Serum chemistry variables including glucose, lipid and calcium were analyzed. SPSS 12.0 software package was adopted to analyze the investigation results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There's no statistically significant difference of serum, lipid and calcium between case group and control group (P > 0.05). But case group had a higher percentage of people with abnormal glucose, lipid and calcium than control group (P < 0.05). Moderate and severe group had a significantly higher serum glucose, triglyceride and lipoproteins-cholesterol than gentle group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Abnormal level of serum glucose, lipid and calcium may increase the affectability of host to periodontitis and promote the inflammation in paradentium.</p>

Evaluation of curative effect of initial therapy on the patients with aggressive periodontitis / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical outcome of periodontal initial therapy on the patients with aggressive periodontitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 48 patients with aggressive periodontitis, including 20 patients with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) and 28 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), were chosen for the study from the patients referred to the Department of Periodontology of the School of Stomatology of China Medical University from September 2006 to December 2008. All subjects were performed periodontal initial therapy. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding index (BI) and tooth mobility were recorded at baseline and 1, 3 and 6 months after initial treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 1, 3 and 6 months after periodontal initial therapy, there were significant improvements in PD, CAL, BI and tooth mobility of patients with LAgP and GAgP than those in the baseline (P < 0.05). In patients with LAgP, statistical differences were detected in PD and CAL between 1 and 3 months after periodontal initial therapy (P < 0.05). And in patients with GAgP, statistical differences were detected in PD and CAL between 3 and 6 months after therapy (P < 0.05). At 1, 3, and 6 months after therapy, first molars of all patients showed more significant therapeutic effects than central incisors (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Periodontal initial therapy showed effectiveness in treatment of aggressive periodontitis. In the mid-term, there were differences in therapeutic effect between patients with LAgP and GAgP.</p>

Detection of putative periodontal pathogens of periodontitis with type 2 diabetes / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the putative periodontal pathogens in the subgingival plaque of chronic periodontitis (CP) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and to discuss the role of the periodontal pathogens in the CP and type 2 DM patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study included 154 CP patients with type 2 DM (DM graup), one hundred and twenty subjects with CP (CP group) and 40 healthy subjects. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained with sterile subgingival curettes and pathogens genomic DNA were extracted by phenol and chloroform from plaque. Taking Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Tannerella forsythia (Tf) and Treponema denticola (Td) as aim pathogens, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to determine the prevalence of Pg, Aa, Fn, Pi, Tf and Td in the subgingival plaque samples.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pg, Aa, Fn, Pi, Tf and Td were all found in the subgingival plaque of DM group. In serious periodontitis, the detection rate of Pg, Aa and Tf in DM group [Pg: 78% (72/92), Aa: 27% (25/92), Tf: 67% (62/92)] was significantly higher than in the CP group [Pg: 58% (35/60), Aa: 17% (10/60), Tf: 43% (26/60)], P < 0.05. In slight periodontitis, the detection rate of Pi in DM group was significantly lower than in the CP group. At the same time, the average gradation (AVG) ratio of PCR product of Aa and Tf in DM group was significantly higher than in the CP group and the AVG ratio of Pi in DM group was significantly lower than in the CP group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with the pure CP, the quantity of Pg, Aa and Tf in the subgingival plaque of the periodontitis patients with type 2 DM increased, but the Pi quantity reduced.</p>

Screening of lipoprotein genes of Porphyromonas gingivalis in chronic periodontitis patients / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen PG0717, PG0183 and PG2135 gene of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in subgingival plaque of the chronic periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy subjects and to investigate the relationship of these genes and periodontal clinical parameters.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-one chronic periodontitis patients and 76 periodontally healthy individuals were included. Clinical parameters were measured and recorded by a single examiner, which included bleeding on probing (BOP), attachment loss (AL), probing depth (PD), and tooth mobility (TM). Subgingival plaque samples were taken by sterile subgingival curette. The three genes, which were present in PgW83 but absent from PgATCC33277 were labeled with Cy5 and used as probes in DNA microarray hybridization. The PG0717, PG0183 and PG2135 gene in affected region, normal region and healthy individuals of Pg was examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The detecting rate of PG0717, PG0183 and PG2135 was 90% (18/20), 70% (14/20) and 70% (14/20) respectively in affected region, 60% (12/20), 45% (19/20) and 40% (8/20) respectively in normal region and 55% (11/20), 25% (5/20), 30% (6/20) in Pg of healthy individuals. The detecting rate of PG0717, PG0183 and PG2135 was significantly different between the affected region and the healthy individuals (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The Pg with genes of PG0717, PG0183, PG2135 was more pathogenic.</p>

A survey on the periodontal status in type 2 diabetic patients / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the type 2 diabetic patient's periodontal condition and to analyze the influencing factors of periodontitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 182 type 2 diabetic patients were included in the survey and requested to fill out a questionnaire, and their periodontal status was evaluated by measuring probing depth (PD), attachment level (AL), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of periodontitis in this group of patients was 96.7% (176/182), including 20 patients with mild periodontitis, 156 with moderate to advanced periodontitis. The mean PD and AL of the 182 patients were (2.92 +/- 0.67) mm and (2.87 +/- 1.31) mm. At least one tooth was lost in 57.1% (104/182) of the patients. The factors related to periodontitis were age, gender, smoking, living in town or country, and 2 h plasma glucose of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). There was no relationship between the severity of periodontitis and education level. The majority of patients did not receive any periodontal therapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Periodontal status was bad in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is important to develop an education program on oral health for type 2 diabetic patients.</p>

Distribution of rag genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis in patients with chronic periodontitis / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution of rag genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in chronic periodontitis patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 50 chronic periodontitis patients. The occurrence of P. gingivalis was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 16S rDNA-specific primers. Distribution of rag genotypes was assessed in P. gingivalis positive samples by PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The occurrence of P. gingivalis was 70.7%, and the distribution of four rag genotypes among P. gingivalis positive samples was as follows: rag-1 60.4%; rag-2 23.6%; rag-3 44.3%; rag-4 15.1%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>P.gingivalis with various rag genotypes was present in subgingival plaque samples from chronic periodontitis patients, and P. gingivalis with rag-1 and rag-3 were more predominant in chronic periodontitis patients, which may be associated with the development of periodontitis.</p>

Relationship of porphyromonas gingivalis PG0717 gene with chronic periodontitis / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of the present study was to investigate PG0717 gene of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in subgingival plaque of the chronic periodontitis patients and periodontal healthy subjects, and to find out the relationship of detection rate of PG0717 and periodontal clinical parameters.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 540 subgingival plaque samples were collected from 180 subjects including chronic periodontitis (CP) patients (n=90) and periodontal healthy individuals (n=90). The periodontal clinical parameters including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were estimated by Florida probe. The extracted DNA samples of P. gingivalis positive was amplified with the sequence specific primers designed to obtain the PG0717 gene.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In subgingival plaque of P.gingivalis positive, the detection rate of PG0717 in CP group was significantly higher than that in periodontal healthy subjects (56.22% versus 41.27%, chi2=4.50, P<0.05). The detection rate of PG0717 in CP group showed the increasing tendency in accordance with the depth of PD and CAL. A higher detection rate of PG0717 was observed in the sites of BOP positive than that in BOP negative (57.73% versus 14.29%, chi2=42.01, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The findings suggest that the PG0717 gene may influence the virulence of P. gingivalis.</p>

The relativity between chronic periodontitis and the genetic polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between chronic periodontitis and the genetic polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene and estrogen receptor gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical parameters including probing depth, clinical attachment loss, sulcus bleeding index and tooth movement were measured by fluoride probe. Genomic DNA from peripheral venous blood was extracted with saturant sodium chloride, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was applied to examine the Apa I, Bsm I, Taq I polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor genes and the Xba I and Pvu II polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor genes. The results were analyzed by Z-score test and mean square analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-three point four percent of chronic periodontitis patients took vitamin D receptor BB genotype, the rate in healthy controls was 30.0%. 39.6% of chronic periodontitis patients took estrogen receptor XX genotype, the rate in healthy controls was 20.0%. The people who took BBXX genotype had the worst periodontal conditions among all chronic periodontitis patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Vitamin D receptor allele B and estrogen receptor allele X are susceptible alleles for chronic periodontitis. The synergistic effects of the two receptor susceptible alleles may promote chronic periodontitis.</p>

Experimental study of Porphyromonas gingivalis on the proliferation and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) on the proliferation and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cell and to identify the role of Pg in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cell culture model of vascular endothelial cell treated by Pg was used in vitro. The cells' ability of proliferation was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and cell cycle and the percentage of apoptosis with or without Pg invasion were examined by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Invasion of Pg could inhibit the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells at 72 h (F = 786.68, P < 0.01), and induce apoptosis at 24 h (F = 1074.56, P < 0.01). In addition, the cell cycle was arrested at G1 phase by the invasion of Pg W83 at 24 h (F = 43.23, P < 0.01) and ATCC 33277 at 48 h (F = 66.72, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pg may aggregate the inflammation of the vascular endothelial cells through induction of apoptosis, which could be one of the pathologic mechanisms in atherosclerosis.</p>

Screening and analysis of multi-alleles in generalized aggressive periodontitis / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the susceptible alleles in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients and healthy controls and to analyze the effect of multi-alleles on the occurrence and development of generalized aggressive periodontitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymerase chain reaction and cleavage were used for detecting the frequencies of five susceptible genetic polymorphisms in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients and healthy controls. The results were analyzed by Z-score test and mean square analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of homozygous for HLA-DRB1* 1501 allele, TNF-A-308 allele II, IL-1B(+3953) allele II, vitamin D receptor allele A, T, estrogen receptor allele X in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients were higher than those in healthy controls. The persons who took more than three susceptible alleles (including three susceptible alleles) had more severe periodontal conditions than the ones who took less than three susceptible alleles (not including three susceptible alleles).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HLA-DRB1 * 1501 allele, TNFA-308 allele II, IL-1B(+3953) allele II, vitamin D receptor allele A, T, estrogen receptor allele X are susceptible alleles in generalized aggressive periodontitis. Carrying more than three susceptible alleles has a great effect on the occurrence and development of generalized aggressive periodontitis.</p>

Study on Porphyromonas gingivalis colonization in patients with periodontitis after periodontal initial therapy / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in subgingival plaque of the patients with periodontitis and to find out the rules of Pg colonization after periodontal initial treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1620 subgingival plaque samples were collected from 180 subjects including chronic periodontitis (CP) patients (n = 90), and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients (n = 90) in different periods of periodontal initial therapy-the baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment. The following periodontal clinical parameters were recorded with Florida probe at sampled sites: probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Quantities of Pg were examined by AmpliFluor endpoint quantitative polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the 6th week of periodontal initial therapy, there were 61 (22.6%) and 66 (24.4%) Pg increased sites respectively, in which no significant difference was detected (P > 0.05). At baseline of periodontal initial therapy, more severe periodontal clinical parameters of Pg increased sites were observed than those of Pg stationary sites. At the 12th week, however, there were 96 (35.6%) and 18 (6.7%) Pg increased sites respectively, significant difference detected (P < 0.05). At 6th week of periodontal initial therapy, more severe periodontal clinical parameters of Pg increased sites were observed than those of Pg stationary sites.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pg colonization in AgP and CP patients started 6 weeks after periodontal initial therapy, but the recolonization pattern was different between these two groups of patients. Severe periodontitis sites in baseline seemed to place them at risk of Pg colonization after periodontal initial therapy.</p>

Clinical association of gingipain K-caspase like subdomain expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis with puberty gingivitis / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect and compare the activity and intensity of gingipain K (Kgp)-caspase like subdomain in culture medium and cell extract of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) isolates in puberty gingivitis and to reveal the possible association of Kgp with puberty gingivitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six children of 14 to 17 years old were enrolled in this study. Clinical parameters including gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI) and probing depth (PD) were evaluated. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and Pg isolates were obtained. 16S rRNA PCR was used to confirm Pg clinical isolates. Bacteria were grown in batches of BHI base and harvested at the end of log-phase growth. Culture fractions (culture medium and cell extract) of 10 Pg isolates were performed with SDS-PAGE and Western blot technique using primary antibody against specific Kgp-caspase like subdomain. Activity of Kgp in both samples was detected as well. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software. The relationship between the Kgp intensity/activity of Kgp and the clinical parameters was statistically analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was positive correlation between the intensity/activity of Kgp and the clinical parameters (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The Kgp in clinical isolates of Pg from puberty gingivitis is in complicated forms. Caspase-like molecules with low molecular weight may exist as intracellular functional protein molecules which can affect the interaction between Pg and host. Kgp was contributes in certain degree to the pathogenesis of puberty gingivitis.</p>